science

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livus, en
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mihair, en
@mihair@kbin.social avatar

You might find packets of stevia on restaurant tables and store shelves. Stevia can also be found in many other products you eat. If you’re eating products marketed as low calorie, check the ingredients list to see what type of sweetener was used.
Currently, there’s no evidence linking stevia to cancer when used in normal amounts. Some research suggests it may even have some health benefits. A number of studies stress the need for more research into the potential benefits and risks of stevia.

https://foodinsight.org/everything-you-need-to-know-about-stevia-sweeteners/

Stevia may interact with drugs intended to treat hypertension and diabetes.
In animal studies, stevia didn’t affect fertility or pregnancy outcomes, but research on humans is lacking. If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, stevia glycoside products may be consumed in moderation. Steer clear of whole-leaf stevia and crude stevia extracts while pregnant or nursing.

https://www.medicinenet.com/stevia/article.htm

Stevia made with Reb-A is safe to use in moderation during pregnancy. If you’re sensitive to sugar alcohols, choose a brand that doesn’t contain erythritol.
Whole-leaf stevia and crude stevia extract, including stevia you’ve grown at home, are not safe to use if you’re pregnant.
It may seem strange that a highly refined product is considered safer than a natural one. This is a common mystery with herbal products.

https://www.britannica.com/plant/stevia-plant

Stevia, a zero-calorie sugar substitute, is recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). In vitro and in vivo studies showed that stevia has antiglycemic action and antioxidant effects in adipose tissue and the vascular wall, reduces blood pressure levels and hepatic steatosis, stabilizes the atherosclerotic plaque, and ameliorates liver and kidney damage. The metabolism of steviol glycosides is dependent upon gut microbiota, which breaks down glycosides into steviol that can be absorbed by the host. In this review, we elucidated the effects of stevia's consumption on the host's gut microbiota.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35456796/

A 2019 study reported a possible link between nonnutritive sweeteners, including stevia, and disruption in beneficial intestinal flora. The same study also suggested nonnutritive sweeteners may induce glucose intolerance and metabolic disorders.
As with most nonnutritive sweeteners, a major downside is the taste. Stevia has a mild, licorice-like taste that’s slightly bitter. Some people enjoy it, but it’s a turn-off for others.
In some people, stevia products made with sugar alcohols may cause digestive problems, such as bloating and diarrhea.

https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/what-is-stevia

mihair, en
@mihair@kbin.social avatar

Stevia, a zero-calorie sugar substitute, is recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). In vitro and in vivo studies showed that stevia has antiglycemic action and antioxidant effects in adipose tissue and the vascular wall, reduces blood pressure levels and hepatic steatosis, stabilizes the atherosclerotic plaque, and ameliorates liver and kidney damage. The metabolism of steviol glycosides is dependent upon gut microbiota, which breaks down glycosides into steviol that can be absorbed by the host. In this review, we elucidated the effects of stevia’s consumption on the host’s gut microbiota.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/4/744/htm

TheBest,

I have IBS and sugar makes it act up. I use stevia extract as a substitute in products, and I AM constantly working on improving my gut biome health. This was a dense but good read.

dejo, sr

Hi, I'm not quite sure if this vhdl code and testbench is correct for the given task. Can you take a look?

Design a one-hour kitchen timer. The device should have buttons/switches to start and stop the timer, as well as to set the desired time interval for the alarm. Realize the task using the software package Quartus or in GHDL, confirm the correctness of the project task by simulation.

This is VHDL code:

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.numeric_std.all;

entity Kitchen_Timer is
  port (
    clk   : in std_logic;    -- Clock input
    reset : in std_logic;    -- Reset input
    start : in std_logic;    -- Start button input
    stop  : in std_logic;    -- Stop button input
    alarm : out std_logic    -- Alarm output
  );
end entity Kitchen_Timer;

-- Declare the architecture for the kitchen timer
architecture Behavioral of Kitchen_Timer is
  signal count     : integer range 0 to 3600 := 0;   -- Counter for timer
  signal alarming  : std_logic := '0';               -- Signal to indicate alarming interval
  signal alarm_en  : std_logic := '0';               -- Signal to enable alarming interval
  signal alarm_cnt : integer range 0 to 600 := 0;    -- Counter for alarming interval
begin
  -- Process to control the kitchen timer and alarming interval
  process (clk, reset)
  begin
    if (reset = '1') then
      count     <= 0;
      alarming  <= '0';
      alarm_en  <= '0';
      alarm_cnt <= 0;
    elsif (rising_edge(clk)) then
      if (stop = '1') then
        count     <= 0;
        alarming  <= '0';
        alarm_en  <= '0';
        alarm_cnt <= 0;
      elsif (start = '1' and count < 3600) then
        count <= count + 1;
        if (count = 3600) then
          count     <= 0;
          alarming  <= '0';
          alarm_en  <= '0';
          alarm_cnt <= 0;
        elsif (count > 0) then
          alarm_en <= '1';
        end if;
      end if;

      if (alarm_en = '1') then
        if (alarm_cnt < 600) then
          alarm_cnt <= alarm_cnt + 1;
        else
          alarm_cnt <= 0;
          alarming  <= '1';
        end if;
      end if;
    end if;
  end process;

  -- Assign the alarm output
  alarm <= alarming;
end architecture Behavioral; ```


This is Testbench:

```library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

entity tb_Kitchen_Timer is
end tb_Kitchen_Timer;

architecture tb of tb_Kitchen_Timer is

    component Kitchen_Timer
        port (clk   : in std_logic;
              reset : in std_logic;
              start : in std_logic;
              stop  : in std_logic;
              alarm : out std_logic);
    end component;

    signal clk   : std_logic;
    signal reset : std_logic;
    signal start : std_logic;
    signal stop  : std_logic;
    signal alarm : std_logic;

    constant TbPeriod : time := 1000 ns; -- EDIT Put right period here
    signal TbClock : std_logic := '0';
    signal TbSimEnded : std_logic := '0';

begin

    dut : Kitchen_Timer
    port map (clk   => clk,
              reset => reset,
              start => start,
              stop  => stop,
              alarm => alarm);

    -- Clock generation
    TbClock <= not TbClock after TbPeriod/2 when TbSimEnded /= '1' else '0';

    -- EDIT: Check that clk is really your main clock signal
    clk <= TbClock;

    stimuli : process
    begin
        -- EDIT Adapt initialization as needed
        start <= '0';
        stop <= '0';

        -- Reset generation
        -- EDIT: Check that reset is really your reset signal
        reset <= '1';
        wait for 100 ns;
        reset <= '0';
        wait for 100 ns;

        -- EDIT Add stimuli here
        wait for 100 * TbPeriod;

        -- Stop the clock and hence terminate the simulation
        TbSimEnded <= '1';
        wait;
    end process;

end tb;

-- Configuration block below is required by some simulators. Usually no need to edit.

configuration cfg_tb_Kitchen_Timer of tb_Kitchen_Timer is
    for tb
    end for;
end cfg_tb_Kitchen_Timer;```

 #science

T4V0,
@T4V0@kbin.social avatar

@dejo

can you send me the code with the modifications so that I know what exactly you mean?

I would rather not, as it isn't a good learning experience for you, and would require some time for me to write the code.

Though if you have any questions about my previous answer, feel free to ask me about it.

As a freebie for you, pay attention to the alarming signal, and the condition that has been set: "The device should have buttons/switches to start and stop the timer, as well as to set the desired time interval for the alarm.". If I wanted the alarm to ring after 50 minutes, how would I do that? And what happens when the timer starts?

From the code I see here, the alarm is going to ring 10 minutes after being started, and it won't stop until an hour passes. And it has no way to set a time for it to ring, it always rings after 10 minutes.

And, not only that, the start signal is never set in the testbench, so the timer is never going to begin.

T4V0,
@T4V0@kbin.social avatar

@dejo

What do you think about the specifications that the project requires, should I stick to your code or should I add something from my own code?

I would stick to my code, your alarm isn't going to work properly due to its comparisons as I mentioned in my previous comments. But if you want to improve the code I modified, you can change the adjust_interval_up and adjust_interval_down buttons to be synchronized to their own states rather than the clock (make their own process with their signals added to the signal sensitivity list and add an extra asynchronous condition to zero the counter on the original process). If you don't make a change like this your alarm is going to take up to an hour to adjust its timer range.

Does your simulation correspond to a time of 1 hour and should there be alarming on the simulation?

Yes, if you have a 1/60 Hertz clock signal. And you must have alarming on the simulation as it is crucial to show that it works.

readbeanicecream, en
@readbeanicecream@kbin.social avatar

Bronze Age cauldrons show we’ve always loved meat, dairy, and fancy cookware: Family feasts were the way to eat 5,000 years ago.
https://www.popsci.com/science/bronze-age-cauldrons-diet/

ohannasmith05, en

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Evidence 600-Million-Year-Old Ocean Existed In The Himalayas – Found: High up in the Himalayas, scientists at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and Niigata University, Japan, have discovered droplets of water trapped in mineral deposits that were likely left behind from an ancient ocean which existed around 600 million years ago.
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Why Do Cats Land on Their Feet? Physics Explains: As it turns out, felines can survive a fall from any height—at least in theory
https://archive.is/j55HE

galilette,

tl;dr: nothing specific to cats. It’s just an exercise of calculating “air friction” and terminal velocity. Same calculation would let a dog survive the fall no different.

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Bizarre ‘mind-controlling’ parasitic worm lacks genes found in every known animal: Our world is full of bizarre and intriguing creatures. One of the strangest, though, is the hairworm, a parasitic worm known as a “mind control worm” in some circles. These parasitic worms are found all over the world, and they look similar to thin strands of spaghetti, usually measuring a couple of inches long. However, their bodies and genes hint at the parasitic lifestyle that they live.
https://bgr.com/science/bizarre-mind-controlling-parasitic-worm-lacks-genes-found-in-every-known-animal/

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Around 2,000 penguins wash up dead on Uruguay coast: Around 2,000 penguins have appeared dead on the coast of eastern Uruguay in the last 10 days, and the cause, which does not appear to be avian influenza, remains a mystery, authorities said.
https://phys.org/news/2023-07-penguins-dead-uruguay-coast.html

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